2008年～2013年住院患者死亡情况统计分析

目的 分析某院住院患者死亡的原因及其变化趋势,为医院管理提供科学依据.方法 对某院2008年-2013年住院死亡病人的死亡原因进行统计分析.结果 男性病死率高于女性;60岁以上是病死高发年龄段;夏季、冬季病死率较高;循环系统疾病、损伤和中毒、肿瘤等为住院患者死亡的主要原因.结论 住院患者死亡原因多样,应针对不同特点展开预防工作,提高人民群众健康水平.     

HIV/AIDS epidemic and the development of comprehensive surveillance system in China with challenges

AIDS is the most severe infectious disease that has appeared in the second half of the 20th century.Since the United States Center of Disease Control & Prevention (US CDC) reported the first case of HIV carrier in the men who had sex with men (MSM)population in 1981, HIV/AIDS had spread globally. By the end of December 2008, UNAIDS and WHO estimated that there were 3340 million (3110-3580 million)infected with HIV/AIDS worldwide.1 While the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia began later than the epidemic in Europe, America and Africa, experts predict that countries in Asia, especially in three countries, China,India and Indonesia, which have a population of more than 100 million, will have the world's largest number of HIV/AIDS in the near future.     

褪黑素联合全反式维甲酸对HL-60细胞作用的研究

目的观察褪黑素联合全反式维甲酸对人早幼粒细胞白血病细胞株HL-60的增殖、凋亡、分化及细胞周期的影响。方法以1 mmol/L褪黑素与1μmol/L全反式维甲酸联合作用于HL-60细胞,药物作用24 h、48 h、72 h后进行试验。以姬姆萨染色观察细胞形态变化,以CCK-8的方法检测药物的抑制率,以流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,细胞膜表面抗原CD11b的表达阳性率,及细胞周期的变化情况。结果褪黑素联合全反式维甲酸作用于HL-60细胞,细胞逐渐出现凋亡,其抑制率24 h、48 h和72h分别为0.31±0.02,0.57±0.06和0.83±0.04,其促进细胞凋亡的比例为15.67±2.38%,26.93±1.60%和50.13±1.76%,其细胞表面CD11b的阳性率为20.98±0.46%,58.96±6.05%和83.80±2.48%;其对细胞周期的影响表现为G1期细胞增多（69.3±0.5%、75.2±0.1%和85.3±0.1%）,S期细胞减少（20.1±0.1%、23.2±0.5%和9.2±0.2%）,均优于单用褪黑素组或全反式维甲酸组（P〈0.05）。结论褪黑素联合全反式维甲酸可以抑制HL-60细胞的增殖、促进其凋亡,诱导其分化,影响其细胞周期,联合用药的作用优于单用褪黑素组或全反式维甲酸组。     

47例系统性红斑狼疮患者死亡因素分析

目的研究分析系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者死亡相关因素。方法回顾性收集SLE死亡患者47例,同期住院患者94例,对死亡相关因素进行对比分析。结果死亡组发热、肺部感染、神经精神症状、狼疮肾炎的发生率高于存活组（P〈0.05）;SLEDAI评分高于存活组（P〈0.05）。两组间贫血、血小板、ANA及抗Sm抗体、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 SLE患者死亡与疾病活动密切相关;多脏器损害合并感染是导致死亡的危险因素。     

Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis,England and Wales, 1945–2011

In England and Wales, the emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis resulted in the largest and most persistent epidemic of foodborne infection attributable to a single subtype of any pathogen since systematic national microbiological surveillance was established. We reviewed 67 years of surveillance data to examine the features, underlying causes, and overall effects of S. enterica ser. Enteritidis. The epidemic was associated with the consumption of contaminated chicken meat and eggs, and a decline in the number of infections began after the adoption of vaccination and other measures in production and distribution of chicken meat and eggs. We estimate that >525,000 persons became ill during the course of the epidemic, which caused a total of 6,750,000 days of illness, 27,000 hospitalizations, and 2,000 deaths. Measures undertaken to control the epidemic have resulted in a major reduction in foodborne disease in England and Wales.     

Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations,Singapore, 2004–2008 and 2010–2012

Studies of influenza-associated hospitalizations in tropical settings are lacking. To increase understanding of the effect of influenza in Singapore, we estimated the age-specific influenza-associated hospitalizations for pneumonia and influenza during 2004–2008 and 2010–2012. The rate of hospitalization was 28.3/100,000 person-years during 2004–2008 and 29.6/100,000 person-years during 2010–2012. The age-specific influenza-associated hospitalization rates followed a J-shaped pattern: rates in persons >75 years of age and in children <6 months of age were >47 times and >26 times higher, respectively, than those for persons 25–44 years of age. Across all ages during these 2 study periods, ≈12% of the hospitalizations for pneumonia and influenza were attributable to influenza. The rates and proportions of hospitalizations for influenza, particularly among the very young and the elderly, are considerable in Singapore and highlight the importance of vaccination in protecting populations at risk.     

Data linkage for injury surveillance and research in Australia: perils,pitfalls and potential

Objective : To outline some of the key issues for injury‐related data linkage studies in Australia and describe potential applications of data linkage for injury surveillance and research. Methods : Narrative review of data linkage capacity and injury‐related data collection quality in Australia. Results : The establishment of national and state‐based data linkage centres in Australia has been a great leap forward for data linkage capacity for injury research. However, there are still limitations of using data linkage for injury surveillance and research. These are highlighted in the form of key perils and pitfalls, with examples provided. There is still much to be gained for injury research by using data linkage techniques to enhance the information available across the injury continuum, but data quality issues should always be acknowledged. Conclusions : Obtaining authorisation to link injury data collections for national research remains cumbersome. Streamlining of the application process is needed to ensure that injury research is able to be conducted in a timely fashion. Data quality and data linkage rates need to be considered when interpreting research findings. Implications : Streamlining of the application process for research that involves linking data collections would help ensure that research is conducted in a timely fashion.     

2011—2013年西安市各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量监测

目的了解西安市属各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量现状,加强医院消毒工作的监督管理,以改进医疗机构消毒灭菌水平与感染控制措施。 方法依据2002年版《消毒技术规范》和GB 15982－1995《医院消毒卫生标准》相关规定,对全市69所医疗机构的消毒灭菌效果进行监测与评价。结果2011-2013年共检测样品2 224份,消毒灭菌质量合格1 766份,总合格率为79.41％。消毒灭菌质量监测中,三级医疗机构合格率（83.67％）高于二级及以下医疗机构（77.50％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;公立医疗机构（79.64％）合格率与民营医疗机构合格率（78.20％）差异无统计学意义（P=0.532）;综合医疗机构合格率（80.18％）高于专科医疗机构（74.92％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.030)。不同监测对象（样品）中,使用中消毒剂和压力蒸汽灭菌效果（测试包和PCD）合格率（分别为98.46%、100.00%、98.06%）较高,医护人员手卫生和戊二醛合格率（分别为58.48%和43.28%）较低。结论西安市各级医疗机构消毒灭菌质量水平参差不齐,不同监测对象消毒灭菌质量差异较大,应重点加强医务人员手卫生和戊二醛浓度的监管工作。